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Marshall County Geohydrology

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Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose and scope of the investigation

Location and extent of the area

Previous investigations

Methods of investigation

Acknowledgements

Geography

Topography and drainage

Upland area

Valley area

Dune-sand area

Climate

Mineral resources

Agriculture

Population

Transportation

Geology

Summary of stratigraphy

Geologic history

Paleozoic Era

Mesozoic Era

Cretaceous period

Cenozoic Era

Tertiary Period

Quaternary Period

Pleistocene Epoch

Recent Epoch

Ground water

Principles of occurrence

Artesian conditions

The water table and movement of ground water

Shape and slope

Relation to topography

Fluctuations in water level

Ground-water recharge

Recharge from precipitation

Recharge from streams

Recharge from undrained areas

Recharge from subsurface inflow

Ground-water discharge

Natural discharge

Discharge from wells

Recovery

Principles of recovery

Dug wells

Bored wells

Driven wells

Drilled wells

Drilled wells in consolidated deposits

Drilled wells in unconsolidated deposits

Methods of lift and types of pumps

Utilization of water

Domestic and stock supplies

Public-water supplies

Larned

Kinsley

Lewis

Belpre

Estimated use

Industrial supplies

Possibilities of further development of industrial supplies from wells

Irrigation supplies

Yield

Construction

Depth and diameter

Pumps

Pump power

Possibilities of further development of irrigation supplies from wells

Dune-sand area

Arkansas Valley

Pawnee Valley

Quality of water

Chemical constituents in relation to use

Dissolved solids

Hardness

Iron

Fluoride

Water for irrigation

Sanitary considerations

Quality in relation to water-bearing formations

Permian redbeds

Dakota formation

Greenhorn limestone

Carlile shale

Meade formation

Terrace deposits

Alluvium

Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties

Permian System

Undifferentiated redbeds

General description

Water supply

Cretaceous System

Cheyenne sandstone

Character

Distribution and thickness

Age and correlation

Water supply

Kiowa shale

Character

Distribution and thickness

Age and correlation

Water supply

Dakota formation

Character

Distribution and thickness

Age and correlation

Water supply

Graneros shale

General description

Greenhorn limestone

Character

Distribution and thickness

Water supply

Carlile shale

Character

Distribution and thickness

Water supply

Tertiary system

Pliocene series

Ogallala formation

General description

Quaternary system

Pleistocene Series

Meade formation

Character

Distribution and thickness

Age and correlation

Water supply

Terrace deposits

Character

Distribution and thickness

Water supply

Pleistocene and Recent Series

Alluvium

Character

Distribution and thickness

Age

Water supply

Dune sand

Well records

Well logs

References

Plates

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Kansas Geological Survey, Pawnee and Edwards Geology and Groundwater
Comments to webadmin@kgs.ku.edu
Web version June 2004. Original publication date March 1949.
URL=http://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/Geology/Pawnee/01_contents.html