Open-File Reports
1990's || 2000's
These reports are concerned with energy resources in Kansas and have been placed online. A complete listing of KGS open-file reports can be viewed using the KGS List of Open File Reports
2019
- 2019-1
- Pilot Scale CO2-EOR Project in the Mississippian: Decline Curve Analysis and Costs Associated with Mississippian Pilot CO2 Flood, by Mina Fazelalavi
- 2019-21
- Assessing CO2 Injection Risks Using National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) Tools, by Esmail Ansari, Eugene Holubnyak, and Martin Dubois
- 2019-22
- Estimates of Permeability and CO2 Storage Capacity at the Patterson Field Using Analysis of City of Lakin Wastewater Injection Well Characteristics, by Esmail Ansari
2017
- 2017-6
- Determination of Relative Permeability Curves in the Arbuckle, by Mina Fazelalavi
- 2017-9
- Compositional and Isotopic Analysis of Natural Gas from a Shallow Water Well in Southeastern Cowley County, Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2017-31
- Kansas Coal, CBM, and Unconventionals Production Report, by K. David Newell
2015
- 2015-18
- Computing the Location of a Shallow Seismic Event, by John R. Victorine
- 2015-32
- Step-Rate Test in the Mississippian Reservoir in the Wellington Field, by Mina Fazelalavi
2013
- 2013-2
- The Case of the Barren Basin: the Salina Basin of Kansas, by K. David Newell and Daniel F. Merriam
- 2013-10
- Abnormally High Geothermal Gradients in the Cherokee Basin, Southeastern Kansas, USA, by K. David Newell and Daniel F. Merriam
2012
- 2012-20
- Analysis of Kansas City, Marmaton, and Cherokee Group Coal and Shale Samples for Gas Content in Kansas Geological Survey #1 Douglas County Core Hole in Douglas County, Kansas (N2 S2 SE SW sec. 8, T. 14 S., R. 19 E.), by K. David Newell and Kevin J. Bailey
- 2012-13
- Final Scientific/Technical Report--Evaluating the Influence of Pore Architecture and Initial Saturation on Wettability and Relative Permeability in Heterogeneous, Shallow-Shelf Carbonates, by A.P. Byrnes, S. Bhattacharya, and J.R. Daniels
2011
- 2011-6
- 34th Forum of the Coal Geologists of the Western Interior Coal Region, Pittsburg, Kansas--Field Trips, by Lawrence L. Brady, K. David Newell, and Ken Recoy
2010
- 2010-17
- Investigation of Integrated Subsurface Processing of Landfill Gas and Carbon Sequestration, Johnson County, Kansas, by K. David Newell and Timothy R. Carr
- 2010-15
- Communications from Individuals Regarding Their Role in the History of the Coalbed Natural Gas Play in Eastern Kansas, circa 1990 to 2010, by K. David Newell
2009
- AAPG Poster
- CO2 Sequestration in Thin and Shallow Coal Beds: Eastern Kansas, by Saibal Bhattacharya and K. David Newell
- 2009-5
- Preliminary High-Resolution Stratigraphic Analysis of the Caney and Woodford Shales in a Continuous Shallow Corehole (KGS-OGS Current #1) from the Lawrence Uplift in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, by W. Lynn Watney, Darwin R. Boardman, Neil H. Suneson, Jim Puckette, Thomas L. Thompson, John H. Doveton, Evan K. Franseen, John R. Victorine, Kenneth Stalder, and Robert Walton
- 2009-10
- Analysis of Critical Permeability, Capillary Pressure, and Electrical Properties for Mesaverde Tight Gas Sandstones from Western U.S. Basins, by Alan P. Byrnes and others
2008
- 2008-34
- Kansas Low-BTU Gas Compositions and Production Potential at Elmdale field, Chase County, Kansas, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Lynn Watney, and Dave Newell
- 2008-28
- Analysis of Cherokee Group Core Samples for Gas Content, Layne-Christensen #13-28 Beurskens, SW SW sec. 28, T. 31 S., R. 16 E., Montgomery County, Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2008-27
- Analysis of Cherokee Group Cuttings Samples for Gas Content, KLM Exploration #7 Dunn, NW SE SE sec. 33, T. 8 S., R. 20 E., Montgomery County, Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2008-26
- Analysis of Cherokee Group Cuttings Samples for Gas Content, Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Company, #A3-36 Fields, NW NE sec. 36, T. 34 S., R.14 E., Montgomery County, Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2008-25
- Analysis of Marmaton and Cherokee Group Core Samples for Gas Content, Layne-Christensen #16-1 Pierce, NE SE SW sec. 16, T. 31 S., R. 17 E., Montgomery County, Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2008-6
- High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic and Chronostratigraphic Investigations of the Lower Shelf and Basinal Lithofacies of the Mississippian Subsystem in the southern Midcontinent U.S.A., by W. Lynn Watney, Evan K. Franseen, John H. Doveton, Thomas L. Thompson, Darwin R. Boardman, E. Troy Rasbury, K. David Newell, John Victorine, Neil H. Suneson, and Edith Starbuck
- 2008-5
- Petrophysical and Geophysical Characterization of Karst in a Permian San Andres Reservoir, Waddell Field, West Texas, by Susan E. Nissen, John H. Doveton, and W. Lynn Watney
- 2008-3
- Supplemental Material--"New Reservoir Model from an Old Oil Field--Garfield Conglomerate Pool, Pawnee County, Kansas", by James P. Rogers
2007
- 2007-16
- Type Log Showing Stratigraphic Horizons for Ness County, Kansas, by Benjamin J. Ramaker
- 2007-8
- Geochemical Trends in Gas Quality in Kansas, by K. David Newell
- 2007-6
- Hugoton Asset Management Project (HAMP): Hugoton Geomodel Final Report, by Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, Saibal Bhattacharya, Geoffrey C. Bohling, John H. Doveton, and Robert E. Barba
2006
- 2006-31
- Fiscal Year 2006 Kansas Oil & Gas Production by Operator, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2006-30
- Paleoslope and water depth estimate, lower Wolfcampian, Hugoton embayment of the Anadarko basin, by Martin K. Dubois
- 2006-19 (PDF)
- Evaluating Structural Controls and their Role in Forecasting Properties of Phanerozoic Rocks in the Northern Midcontinent, U.S.A.--Ancient Examples and Modern Analogs, by W. Lynn Watney, Evan K. Franseen, Alan P. Byrnes, Susan E. Nissen, and Sihuang Xu
- 2006-14
- Fracture and Karst Features Affecting Reservoir Performance in a Mississippian Reservoir, Cheyenne County, Colorado, by Natalie B. Givens and Susan E. Nissen
- 2006-13
- Integrated Subsurface Carbon Sequestration and Enhanced Coalbed Natural Gas Recovery Using Cement Kiln Emissions, Wilson County, Kansas, by Stephen G. Schurger, K. David Newell, James G. Blencoe, and Timothy R. Carr
- 2006-12
- Multiscale geologic and petrophysical modeling of the giant Hugoton Gas Field (Permian), Kansas and Oklahoma, by Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, Geoffrey C. Bohling, and John H. Doveton
- 2006-04
- Carbonate Lithofacies Prediction Using Neural Network and Geostatistical 3D Modeling of Oolite Shoals, St. Louis Limestone, Southwest Kansas, by Qi Lianshuang, Timothy R. Carr, and Robert H. Goldstein
- 2006-03
- Core Description of the Forest City, LLC., Hopp 1-16, Doniphan County, Kansas, by W. Matthew Brown
- 2006-02
- Core Description of the KGS Deffenbaugh Quarry 2, Johnson County, Kansas, by W. Matthew Brown
2005
- 2005-52
- Fiscal Year 2005 Kansas Oil & Gas Production by Operator, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2005-53
- Type Log Showing Stratigraphic Horizons for Russell County, Kansas, by Benjamin J. Rocke
- 2005-28
- Field Demonstration of Horizontal Infill Drilling Using Cost-effective Integrated Reservoir Modeling--Mississippian Carbonates, Central Kansas, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, Susan E. Nissen, Timothy R. Carr, Evan K. Franseen, Mark Shreve, Steve Anderson, Paul M. Gerlach, and Bob Knoll
- 2005-25
- Accommodation Model for Wolfcamp (Permian) Redbeds at the Updip Margin of North America's Largest Onshore Gas Field, by Martin K. Dubois and Robert H. Goldstein
- 2005-16
- Core Description of the St. Louis Limestone in the Big Bow West, Sand Arroyo Creek, and Sand Arroyo Creek Southwest Fields, Southwest Kansas, by Lianshuang Qi and Timothy R. Carr
- 2005-14
- Lithofacies Cross Sections of the St. Louis Limestone, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek Fields, Southwest Kansas, by Lianshuang Qi and Timothy R. Carr
2004
- 2004-67
- Multi well Characterization and Simulation--Council Grove Reservoir System, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Martin K. Dubois, and Alan P. Byrnes
- 2004-66
- Single well Characterization and Simulation--Council Grove Reservoir System, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Martin K. Dubois, and Alan P. Byrnes
- 2004-65
- Updating Judica Field Geomodel with 3D Seismic Data--Implications for Infill Horizontal Drilling, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Susan Nissen, Martin K. Dubois, and Alan P. Byrnes
- 2004-64
- Comparison of Rock Facies Classification using Three Statistically Based Classifiers, by Martin K. Dubois, Geoffrey C. Bohling, and Swapan Chakrabarti
- 2004-61
- Fiscal Year 2004 Kansas Oil & Gas Production by Operator, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2004-56
- Identifying Subtle Fracture Trends in the Mississippian Saline Aquifer Unit Using New 3-D Seismic Attributes, by Susan E. Nissen, Kurt J. Marfurt, and Timothy R. Carr
- 2004-42
- Density, Ash Content, and Moisture Content of Selected Eastern Kansas Pennsylvanian Coals and Shales, by K. David Newell and David Grisafe
- 2004-39
- Isopach Mapping of Desmoinesian Coals--Bourbon Arch Region, Eastern Kansas, by Troy A. Johnson
- 2004-38
- Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Coalbed Gas Potential of Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian Stage) Coals--Bourbon Arch Region, Eastern Kansas, by Troy A. Johnson
- 2004-37
- Summary of Kansas Coalbed Methane Wells and Production Data through July 31, 2004, by Dana Adkins-Heljeson, Lawrence L. Brady, Timothy R. Carr, and Justin P. Penka
- 2004-36
- Collaborative Geo-Engineering Reservoir Characterization and Modeling on the Web, by W. Lynn Watney, John H. Doveton, Timothy R. Carr, Geoffrey C. Bohling, John Victorine, JP Pakalapati, Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, Glen Gagnon, Ken Stalder, Melissa Morre, Martin K. Dubois, Willard J. Guy and Kurt Look
- 2004-28
- Theory and Practice of a Web-based Intelligent Agent in the Location of Pay Zones on Digital Well Log Files, by John H. Doveton, W. Lynn Watney, and Geoffrey C. Bohling
- 2004-26
- Geostatistical 3D Reservoir Modeling of Mississippian St.Louis Carbonate Reservoir Systems, Kansas, by Lianshuang Qi
- 2004-25 (PDF file)
- Creating a Distributed NATional CARBon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB), by Timothy R. Carr, Jeremy D. Bartley, Azif Iqbal, James J. Dooley, Robert T. Dahowski, David S. Cheng, Christopher P. Korose, Damon Garner, Richard Nelson, Barry V. Biediger, and Joseph Wells
- 2004-24
- Core Description of the Marmaton and Cherokee Groups Osborn L.L.C.--Layne Energy Rose Hill #1-6 Well (sec. 6-T.16S.-R.24E.) Miami County Kansas, by Troy A. Johnson
- 2004-21
- Geologic Factors Controlling Natural Gas Distribution Related to the January 2001 Gas Explosions in Hutchinson, Kansas, by Susan E. Nissen, W. Lynn Watney, Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, and David Young
- 2004-19 (PDF file)
- Models for Environmentally Sound and Economically Viable Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Opportunities, by Timothy R. Carr, Alan P. Byrnes, Martin K. Dubois, and Scott W. White
- 2004-18
- Depositional Environments of Lower Pennsylvanian Reservoir Sandstones, Southwestern Kansas, by Galo A. Salcedo
- 2004-17
- Geological and Geochemical Factors Influencing the Emerging Coalbed Gas Play in the Cherokee and Forest City Basins in Eastern Kansas, by K. David Newell, Troy A. Johnson, W. Matthew Brown, Jonathan P. Lange, and Timothy R. Carr. Winner of the President's Certificate for Excellence in Presentation for AAPG Energy Mineral Division
- 2004-16
- Build-and-Fill Sequences: Predictable Patterns of Creation and Destruction of Paleotopography in Small-Scale Sequences, by Evan K. Franseen and Robert H. Goldstein
- 2004-15 (PDF file)
- Calendar Year 2003--Kansas Oil and Gas Production: An Examination of the Importance of Stripper Production, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2004-10 (PDF file)
- Testimony before the Kansas House Environment Committe March 9, 2004, by Timothy R. Carr. Powerpoint Presentation (PDF file)
- 2004-9 (PDF file)
- Testimony before the Kansas Senate Utilities Committee March 4, 2004, by Timothy R. Carr. Powerpoint Presentation (PDF file)
2003
- 2003-82
- Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments and Coalbed Methane Resources of Cherokee Group Coals (Middle Pennsylvanian)--Southeastern Kansas, by Jonathan P. Lange
- 2003-73 (PDF file)
- Understanding Mississippi Dolomite Reservoirs in Central Kansas, by Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, and Saibal Bhattacharya
- 2003-68
- Extracting Lithofacies from Digital Well Logs Using Artificial Intelligence, Panoma (Council Grove) Field, Hugoton Embayment, Southwest Kansas, by Martin K. Dubois, Geoffrey C. Bohling, Alan P. Byrnes, and Shane C. Seals
- 2003-66
- Detailed mapping of the Upper Hutchinson Salt and Overlying Permian strata beneath Hutchinson, Kansas, by Susan E. Nissen and W. Lynn Watney
- 2003-59
- Geological Controls on Variable Character of Arbuckle Reservoirs in Kansas: An Emerging Picture, by Evan K. Franseen, Alan P. Byrnes, Jason R. Cansler, D. Mark Steinhauff, Timothy R. Carr, and Martin K. Dubois
- 2003-58 (PDF file)
- Regional Trends in Coalbed Gas Composition and Thermal Maturation in Eastern Kansas: Implications for Predicting Quality and Location of Coalbed Gas, by K. David Newell and L. Michael Magnuson
- 2003-57
- Low-BTU Gas in the Permian Chase Group in the Ryersee Field in Western Kansas: A Case History where Technology Creates a Marketable Commodity, by K. David Newell, Scott Corsair, Steve Chafin, and Kent Pennybaker
- 2003-51
- Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Coalbed Methane Potential of Pennsylvanian Coals--Bourbon Arch Region, Eastern Kansas, by Troy A. Johnson, Jonathan P. Lange,Timothy R. Carr and K. David Newell
- 2003-50 (PDF file)
- An Integrated Application of Neural Network and Markov Chain Techniques to Prediction of Lithofacies from Well Logs, by G.C. Bohling and M.K. Dubois
- 2003-42 (PDF file)
- Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB) Annual Report, July 1, 2003, by Timothy R. Carr and Scott W. White
- 2003-34
- Regional Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Lower Pennsylvanian Reservoir Sandstones, Southwestern Kansas, by Galo Aristides Salcedo and Timothy R. Carr
- 2003-33
- Online Tools to Evaluate Saline Aquifers for CO2 Sequestration, by Timothy R. Carr, Lawrence H. Wickstrom, Christopher P. Korose, R. Stephen Fisher, Wilfrido Solano-Acosta, and Nathan Eaton
- 2003-32
- The Role of Moldic Porosity in Paleozoic Kansas Reservoirs and the Association of Original Depositional Facies and Early Diagenesis With Reservoir Properties, by Alan P. Byrnes, Evan K. Franseen, W. Lynn Watney, and Martin K. Dubois. Winner of the Jules Braunstein Memorial Award for the best AAPG poster at the 2003 Annual Convention in Salt Lake City, Utah
- 2003-31
- Cost-effective Integration of Geologic and Petrophysical Characterization with Material Balance and Decline Curve Analysis to Develop a 3D Reservoir Model for PC-based Reservoir Simulation to Design a Waterflood in a Mature Mississippian Carbonate Field with Limited Log Data, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, and Paul M. Gerlach
- 2003-30
- Statistically-based Lithofacies Predictions for 3-D Reservoir Modeling: An Example from the Panoma (Council Grove) Field, Hugoton Embayment, Southwest Kansas, by Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, Geoffrey C. Bohling, Shane C. Seals, and John H. Doveton
- 2003-29
- Use of Information Technology for Integrated Reservoir Characterization of Permian Gas Fields of the Hugoton Embayment, by Timothy R. Carr, Kenneth M. Dean, Martin K. Dubois, Paul Gerlach, Michael H. Maroney, Ernie Morrison, K. David Newell, Kitt E. Noah, and Harald Poelchau
- 2003-28
- Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments and Coalbed Methane Resources of Cherokee Group Coals (Middle Pennsylvanian)--Southeastern Kansas, by Jonathan P. Lange, Timothy R. Carr, and K. David Newell
- 2003-27
- Reservoir Characterization of Mississippian St. Louis Carbonate Reservoir Systems in Kansas, Stratigraphic and Facies Architecture Modeling, by Lianshuang Qi and Timothy R. Carr
- 2003-26
- Paleotopography and Sea-Level Controls on Facies and Thickness Variability of Transgressive Limestones: Upper Pennsylvanian Merriam Limestone, Northeast Kansas, by Edward L. Washburn and Evan K. Franseen
- 2003-10 (PDF file)
- Fiscal Year 2002--Kansas Oil and Gas Production: An Examination of the Importance of Stripper Production, by Timothy R. Carr
2002
- 2002-65
- Dipmeter analysis of the shape and orientation of the Cherokee Bartlesville Sandstone reservoir in the Bronson SE Field, Bourbon County, Kansas, by John H. Doveton
- 2002-57 (PDF file)
- Kansas Oil and Gas Production Forecasts, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2002-53
- Fiscal Year 2002 Kansas Oil & Gas Production by Operator, by Tim Carr
- 2002-50
- Characterization of Mississippian Osage Chat in South-Central Kansas, by W. Lynn Watney, Willard J. Guy and Alan P. Byrnes
- 2002-49
- Seismic Attributes for the Explorationist, by Susan E. Nissen
- 2002-48
- Oomoldic Reservoirs of Central Kansas, Controls on Porosity, Permeability, Capillary Pressure and Architecture, by Alan P. Byrnes, W. Lynn Watney, Willard J. Guy, Govert Buijs, and Paul Gerlach
- 2002-47 (PDF file)
- Kansas Coalbed Methane Program, by Tim Carr, Dave Newell, Jonathan Lange and Troy Johnson
- 2002-45 (PDF file)
- Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB), by Timothy R. Carr, Jeremy D. Bartley, Kenneth A. Nelson, Dana Adkins-Heljeson, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Nathan Eaton, Christopher P. Korose, and Joseph G. Wells
- 2002-44
- Seismic Detection of Shallow Natural Gas Beneath Hutchinson, Kansas, by Susan E. Nissen, Jianghai Xia, and W. Lynn Watney
- 2002-41
- Use of Capillary Pressure to Estimate Permeability in a Drill Cutting Sample Lansing "C" Zone, Ashley #1, NE/4 Section 5 T17S R8W, Ellsworth County, KS, by Alan P. Byrnes
- 2002-38
- 2001 Kansas Oil & Gas Production and Value, by Timothy R. Carr (PDF format)
- 2002-23 (PDF file)
- Geo-Engineering Modeling through INternet Informatics (GEMINI) Year 2 Annual Report, by W. Lynn Watney, John H. Doveton, John R. Victorine, Geoffrey C. Bohling, Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, Timothy R. Carr, Martin K. Dubois, Glen Gagnon, Willard J. Guy, Kurt Look, Mike Magnuson, Melissa Moore, Ricardo Olea, Jayprakash Pakalapadi, Kenneth R. Stalder
- 2002-10
- GEMINI (Geo-Engineering Modeling through INternet Informatics), by W. Lynn Watney, John H. Doveton, John R. Victorine, Geoffrey C. Bohling, Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, Timothy R. Carr, Martin K. Dubois, Glen Gagnon, Willard J. Guy, Kurt Look, Mike Magnuson, Melissa Moore, and David R. Collins
- 2002-9
- Reservoir Characterization to Inexpensively Evaluate the Exploitation Potential of a Small Morrow Incised Valley-fill Field, by Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, Paul Gerlach, Ricardo Olea
- 2002-8
- Depositional Model and Exploration Potential in the St. Louis Carbonates Beneath the Hugoton Field of Kansas, by E. Morrison, M. Maroney, K. Noah, R. O'Dell
- 2002-7
- Midcontinent Interactive Digital Carbon Atlas and Relational Database (MIDCARB), by T. R. Carr, J. A. Drahovzal, J. A. Rupp, B. Seyler, L. H. Wickstrom, S. W. White
- 2002-6
- Co-generation, Ethanol Production and CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery: Model for Environmentally and Economically Sound Linked Energy Systems, by Martin K. Dubois, Scott W. White and Timothy R. Carr. Selected as Best Poster for the Division of Environmental Geosciences at the 2002 Annual AAPG Convention, Houston, Texas
2001
- 2001-67
- Development of an Archie Equation Model for Log Analysis of Pennsylvanian Oomoldic Zones in Kansas, by John H. Doveton
- 2001-55
- Paleogeomorphology of the Sub-Pennsylvanian Unconformity of the Arbuckle Group (Cambrian-Lower Ordovician), by Jason R Cansler and Timothy R. Carr
- 2001-38
- Field Development and Renewed Reservoir Characterization for CO2 Flooding of the Hall-Gurney Field, Central Kansas, by Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, and W. Lynn Watney. Winner of the Jules Braunstein Memorial Award for the best AAPG poster at the 2001 Annual Convention in Denver, Colorado
- 2001-32
- 2001 Kansas Oil & Gas Production and Value, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2001-14
- 2000 Digital Petroleum Atlas Annual Report, by Lee C. Gerhard, Timothy R. Carr, Dana Adkins-Heljeson, Saibal Bhattacharya, Paul Gerlach, Willard Guy, Robert O'Dell, Ken Stalder, W. Lynn Watney
2000
- 2000-84
- Seismic Coherence and Related Multi-trace Attributes, by Susan Nissen
- 2000-69
- 2000 Kansas Energy Report, by Timothy R. Carr and Scott W. White
- 2000-52
- Subsurface Geology of the Schaben Field, Ness County, Kansas, by Ricardo A. Olea and Willard J. "Bill" Guy
- 2000-35 (640x480)
- Integrated Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy--Insights into Processes and Improving Predictions of Petroleum Reservoirsby W. Lynn Watney (Powerpoint format, 3 different screen resolutions)
- 2000-35 (800x600)
- 2000-35 (1200x1024)
- 2000-16
- 1999 Kansas Oil and Gas Production, by Timothy R. Carr
- 2000-2
- Horizontal Drilling in Kansas: Current Status and Case Histories, by Paul Gerlach
1990's || 2000's